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version 1.1.1.2, 2000/01/22 14:16:13 version 1.1.1.3, 2003/09/15 07:09:33
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  14. The `call` command: `load` with arguments.   14. The `call` command: `load` with arguments.
   
  15. More flexible `range` commands with `reverse` and `writeback` keywords.   15. More flexible `range` commands with `reverse`, `writeback` and 'restore'
    keywords.
   
  16. `set encoding` for multi-lingual encoding.   16. `set encoding` for multi-lingual encoding.
   
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        ^K    deletes from current position to the end of line.         ^K    deletes from current position to the end of line.
        ^L,^R redraws line in case it gets trashed.         ^L,^R redraws line in case it gets trashed.
        ^U    deletes the entire line.         ^U    deletes the entire line.
        ^W    deletes the last word.         ^W    deletes from the current word to the end of line.
   
        `History`:         `History`:
   
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        Help            - `help` plus return.         Help            - `help` plus return.
        Ctrl Help       - `help `.         Ctrl Help       - `help `.
 #\begin{tabular}{|cl|} \hline  #\begin{tabular}{|cl|} \hline
 #Arrow key & Function \\ \hline  #Key       & Function \\ \hline
 #Undo      & same as \verb~^L~. \\  #Undo      & same as \verb~^L~. \\
 #Home      & same as \verb~^A~. \\  #Home      & same as \verb~^A~. \\
 #Ctrl Home & same as \verb~^E~. \\  #Ctrl Home & same as \verb~^E~. \\
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 #Help      & `{\bf help}' plus return. \\  #Help      & `{\bf help}' plus return. \\
 #Ctrl Help & `{\bf help }'. \\  #Ctrl Help & `{\bf help }'. \\
 %c l .  %c l .
 %Arrow key@Function  %Key@Function
 %_  %_
 %Undo@same as ^L.  %Undo@same as ^L.
 %Home@same as ^A.  %Home@same as ^A.
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 ?besy0  ?besy0
 #besy0(x) & int or real & $y_{0}$ Bessel function of $x$, in radians \\  #besy0(x) & int or real & $y_{0}$ Bessel function of $x$, in radians \\
 %besy0(x)@int or real@$y sub 0$ Bessel function of $x$, in radians  %besy0(x)@int or real@$y sub 0$ Bessel function of $x$, in radians
  The `besy0` function returns the y0th Bessel function of its argument.   The `besy0(x)` function returns the y0th Bessel function of its argument.
  `besy0` expects its argument to be in radians.   `besy0` expects its argument to be in radians.
 4 besy1  4 besy1
 ?expressions functions besy1  ?expressions functions besy1
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 ?expressions functions sinh  ?expressions functions sinh
 ?functions sinh  ?functions sinh
 ?sinh  ?sinh
 #sinh(x) & any & $\sinh x$, hyperbolic sine $x$ in radians \\  #sinh(x) & any & $\sinh x$, hyperbolic sine of $x$ in radians \\
 %sinh(x)@any@$sinh~x$, hyperbolic sine $x$ in radians  %sinh(x)@any@$sinh~x$, hyperbolic sine of $x$ in radians
  The `sinh(x)` function returns the hyperbolic sine of its argument.  `sinh`   The `sinh(x)` function returns the hyperbolic sine of its argument.  `sinh`
  expects its argument to be in radians.   expects its argument to be in radians.
 4 sqrt  4 sqrt
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  blanks.   blanks.
   
  Command-line substitution can be used anywhere on the `gnuplot` command   Command-line substitution can be used anywhere on the `gnuplot` command
  line.   line, except inside strings delimited by single quotes.
   
  Example:   Example:
   
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  or, in VMS   or, in VMS
        f(x) = `run leastsq`         f(x) = `run leastsq`
   
    These will generate labels with the current time and userid:
          set label "generated on `date +%Y-%m-%d`by `whoami`" at 1,1
          set timestamp "generated on %Y-%m-%d by `whoami`"
   
 2 Syntax  2 Syntax
 ?syntax  ?syntax
 ?specify  ?specify
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  parameter file.  The two use different means to set initial values.   parameter file.  The two use different means to set initial values.
   
  Adjustable parameters can be specified by a comma-separated list of variable   Adjustable parameters can be specified by a comma-separated list of variable
  names after the `via` keyword.  Any variable that is not already defined is   names after the `via` keyword.  Any variable that is not already defined
  is created with an initial value of 1.0.  However, the fit is more likely   is created with an initial value of 1.0.  However, the fit is more likely
  to converge rapidly if the variables have been previously declared with more   to converge rapidly if the variables have been previously declared with more
  appropriate starting values.   appropriate starting values.
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  Setting FIT_LAMBDA_FACTOR to zero re-enables the default factor of   Setting FIT_LAMBDA_FACTOR to zero re-enables the default factor of
  10.0.   10.0.
   
  Oher variables with the FIT_ prefix may be added to `fit`, so it is safer   Other variables with the FIT_ prefix may be added to `fit`, so it is safer
  not to use that prefix for user-defined variables.   not to use that prefix for user-defined variables.
   
  The variables FIT_SKIP and FIT_INDEX were used by earlier releases of   The variables FIT_SKIP and FIT_INDEX were used by earlier releases of
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        plot sin(x) with impulses         plot sin(x) with impulses
   
  This plots x with points, x**2 with the default:   This plots x with points, x**2 with the default:
        plot x*y w points, x**2 + y**2         plot x w points, x**2
   
  This plots tan(x) with the default function style, file "data.1" with lines:   This plots tan(x) with the default function style, file "data.1" with lines:
        plot [ ] [-2:5] tan(x), 'data.1' with l         plot [ ] [-2:5] tan(x), 'data.1' with l
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        %M           minute, 0--60         %M           minute, 0--60
        %p           "am" or "pm"         %p           "am" or "pm"
        %r           shorthand for "%I:%M:%S %p"         %r           shorthand for "%I:%M:%S %p"
        %R           shorthand for %H:%M"         %R           shorthand for "%H:%M"
        %S           second, 0--60         %S           second, 0--60
        %T           shorthand for "%H:%M:%S"         %T           shorthand for "%H:%M:%S"
        %U           week of the year (week starts on Sunday)         %U           week of the year (week starts on Sunday)
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  A cartesian coordinate system is used by default.   A cartesian coordinate system is used by default.
   
  For a spherical coordinate system, the data occupy two or three columns (or   For a spherical coordinate system, the data occupy two or three columns (or
  `using` entries).  The first two are interpreted as the polar and azimuthal   `using` entries).  The first two are interpreted as the azimuthal and polar
  angles theta and phi (in the units specified by `set angles`).  The radius r   angles theta and phi (in the units specified by `set angles`).  The radius r
  is taken from the third column if there is one, or is set to unity if there   is taken from the third column if there is one, or is set to unity if there
  is no third column.  The mapping is:   is no third column.  The mapping is:
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  it requires four columns of data.  It also draws a small arrowhead at the   it requires four columns of data.  It also draws a small arrowhead at the
  end of the vector.   end of the vector.
   
  The `vector` style is still experimental: it doesn't get clipped properly   `set clip one` and `set clip two` affect drawing vectors.
  and other things may also be wrong with it.  Use it at your own risk.   Please see `set clip`.
 4 xerrorbars  4 xerrorbars
 ?commands set style xerrorbars  ?commands set style xerrorbars
 ?set style xerrorbars  ?set style xerrorbars
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  `plot` command should be used to set up the appropriate form.  For example,   `plot` command should be used to set up the appropriate form.  For example,
  if the data are of the form (x,y,xdelta,ylow,yhigh), then you can use   if the data are of the form (x,y,xdelta,ylow,yhigh), then you can use
   
        plot 'data' using 1:2:($1-$3),($1+$3),4,5 with xyerrorbars         plot 'data' using 1:2:($1-$3):($1+$3):4:5 with xyerrorbars
 4 yerrorbars  4 yerrorbars
 ?commands set style yerrorbars  ?commands set style yerrorbars
 ?commands set style errorbars  ?commands set style errorbars
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  appropriate style, data or function.   appropriate style, data or function.
   
  Whenever `set nosurface` is issued, `splot` will not draw points or lines   Whenever `set nosurface` is issued, `splot` will not draw points or lines
  corresponding to the function or data file points.  Contours may be still be   corresponding to the function or data file points.  Contours may still be
  drawn on the surface, depending on the `set contour` option. `set nosurface;   drawn on the surface, depending on the `set contour` option. `set nosurface;
  set contour base` is useful for displaying contours on the grid base.  See   set contour base` is useful for displaying contours on the grid base.  See
  also `set contour`.   also `set contour`.
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  year).  With `top` or `bottom` you can place the timestamp at the top or   year).  With `top` or `bottom` you can place the timestamp at the top or
  bottom of the left margin (default: bottom).  `rotate` lets you write the   bottom of the left margin (default: bottom).  `rotate` lets you write the
  timestamp vertically, if your terminal supports vertical text.  The constants   timestamp vertically, if your terminal supports vertical text.  The constants
  <xoff> and <off> are offsets from the default position given in character   <xoff> and <yoff> are offsets from the default position given in character
  screen coordinates.  <font> is used to specify the font with which the time   screen coordinates.  <font> is used to specify the font with which the time
  is to be written.   is to be written.
   
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        %j           day of the year, 1--365         %j           day of the year, 1--365
        %H           hour, 0--24         %H           hour, 0--24
        %M           minute, 0--60         %M           minute, 0--60
          %s           seconds since the Unix epoch (1970-01-01, 00:00 UTC)
        %S           second, 0--60         %S           second, 0--60
        %b           three-character abbreviation of the name of the month         %b           three-character abbreviation of the name of the month
        %B           name of the month         %B           name of the month
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 #\verb@%j@ & day of the year, 1--365 \\  #\verb@%j@ & day of the year, 1--365 \\
 #\verb@%H@ & hour, 0--24 \\  #\verb@%H@ & hour, 0--24 \\
 #\verb@%M@ & minute, 0--60 \\  #\verb@%M@ & minute, 0--60 \\
   #\verb@%s@ & seconds since the Unix epoch (1970-01-01 00:00 UTC) \\
 #\verb@%S@ & second, 0--60 \\  #\verb@%S@ & second, 0--60 \\
 #\verb@%b@ & three-character abbreviation of the name of the month \\  #\verb@%b@ & three-character abbreviation of the name of the month \\
 #\verb@%B@ & name of the month \\  #\verb@%B@ & name of the month \\
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 %%j@day of the year, 1--365  %%j@day of the year, 1--365
 %%H@hour, 0--24  %%H@hour, 0--24
 %%M@minute, 0--60  %%M@minute, 0--60
   %%s@seconds since the Unix epoch (1970-01-01 00:00 UTC)
 %%S@second, 0--60  %%S@second, 0--60
 %%b@three-character abbreviation of the name of the month  %%b@three-character abbreviation of the name of the month
 %%B@name of the month  %%B@name of the month
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  See `set timefmt` to tell `gnuplot` how to read date or time data.  The   See `set timefmt` to tell `gnuplot` how to read date or time data.  The
  time/date is converted to seconds from start of the century.  There is   time/date is converted to seconds from start of the century.  There is
  currently only one timefmt, which implies that all the time/date columns must   currently only one timefmt, which implies that all the time/date columns must
  confirm to this format.  Specification of ranges should be supplied as quoted   conform to this format.  Specification of ranges should be supplied as quoted
  strings according to this format to avoid interpretation of the time/date as   strings according to this format to avoid interpretation of the time/date as
  an expression.   an expression.
   
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  label` instead--that command gives you much more control over where text is   label` instead--that command gives you much more control over where text is
  placed.   placed.
   
  Please see `set syntax` for further information about backslash processing   Please see `syntax` for further information about backslash processing
  and the difference between single- and double-quoted strings.   and the difference between single- and double-quoted strings.
 3 xmtics  3 xmtics
 ?commands set xmtics  ?commands set xmtics
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 ?show xmtics  ?show xmtics
 ?xmtics  ?xmtics
 ?noxmtics  ?noxmtics
  The `set xmtics` commands converts the x-axis tic marks to months of the   The `set xmtics` command converts the x-axis tic marks to months of the
  year where 1=Jan and 12=Dec.  Overflows are converted modulo 12 to months.   year where 1=Jan and 12=Dec.  Overflows are converted modulo 12 to months.
  The tics are returned to their default labels by `set noxmtics`.  Similar   The tics are returned to their default labels by `set noxmtics`.  Similar
  commands perform the same duties for the other axes.   commands perform the same duties for the other axes.
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 ?commands show xrange  ?commands show xrange
 ?set xrange  ?set xrange
 ?show xrange  ?show xrange
   ?writeback
   ?restore
 ?xrange  ?xrange
  The `set xrange` command sets the horizontal range that will be displayed.   The `set xrange` command sets the horizontal range that will be displayed.
  A similar command exists for each of the other axes, as well as for the   A similar command exists for each of the other axes, as well as for the
  polar radius r and the parametric variables t, u, and v.   polar radius r and the parametric variables t, u, and v.
   
  Syntax:   Syntax:
        set xrange [{{<min>}:{<max>}}] {{no}reverse} {{no}writeback}         set xrange { [{{<min>}:{<max>}}] {{no}reverse} {{no}writeback} }
                     | restore
        show xrange         show xrange
   
  where <min> and <max> terms are constants, expressions or an asterisk to set   where <min> and <max> terms are constants, expressions or an asterisk to set
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  the buffers that would be filled by `set xrange`.  This is useful if you wish   the buffers that would be filled by `set xrange`.  This is useful if you wish
  to plot several functions together but have the range determined by only   to plot several functions together but have the range determined by only
  some of them.  The `writeback` operation is performed during the `plot`   some of them.  The `writeback` operation is performed during the `plot`
  execution, so it must be specified before that command.  For example,   execution, so it must be specified before that command.  To restore
    the last saved horizontal range use `set xrange restore`. For example,
   
        set xrange [-10:10]         set xrange [-10:10]
        set yrange [] writeback         set yrange [] writeback
        plot sin(x)         plot sin(x)
        set noautoscale y         set yrange restore
        replot x/2         replot x/2
   
  results in a yrange of [-1:1] as found only from the range of sin(x); the   results in a yrange of [-1:1] as found only from the range of sin(x); the
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  The defaults are `border mirror norotate` for tics on the x and y axes, and   The defaults are `border mirror norotate` for tics on the x and y axes, and
  `border nomirror norotate` for tics on the x2 and y2 axes.  For the z axis,   `border nomirror norotate` for tics on the x2 and y2 axes.  For the z axis,
  the the `{axis | border}` option is not available and the default is   the `{axis | border}` option is not available and the default is
  `nomirror`.  If you do want to mirror the z-axis tics, you might want to   `nomirror`.  If you do want to mirror the z-axis tics, you might want to
  create a bit more room for them with `set border`.   create a bit more room for them with `set border`.
   
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  of <incr>.  If <end> is not given, it is assumed to be infinity.  The   of <incr>.  If <end> is not given, it is assumed to be infinity.  The
  increment may be negative.  If neither <start> nor <end> is given, <start> is   increment may be negative.  If neither <start> nor <end> is given, <start> is
  assumed to be negative infinity, <end> is assumed to be positive infinity,   assumed to be negative infinity, <end> is assumed to be positive infinity,
  and the tics will be drawn at integral multiples of <step>.  If the axis is   and the tics will be drawn at integral multiples of <incr>.  If the axis is
  logarithmic, the increment will be used as a multiplicative factor.   logarithmic, the increment will be used as a multiplicative factor.
   
  Examples:   Examples:
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        set xtics 5         set xtics 5
   
  Make tics at 1, 100, 1e4, 1e6, 1e8.   Make tics at 1, 100, 1e4, 1e6, 1e8.
        set logscale x; set xtics 1,100,10e8         set logscale x; set xtics 1,100,1e8
   
  The explicit ("<label>" <pos>, ...) form allows arbitrary tic positions or   The explicit ("<label>" <pos>, ...) form allows arbitrary tic positions or
  non-numeric tic labels.  A set of tics is a set of positions, each with its   non-numeric tic labels.  A set of tics is a set of positions, each with its
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  However they are specified, tics will only be plotted when in range.   However they are specified, tics will only be plotted when in range.
   
  Format (or omission) of the tic labels is controlled by `set format`, unless   Format (or omission) of the tic labels is controlled by `set format`, unless
  the explicit text of a labels is included in the `set xtic (`<label>`)` form.   the explicit text of a labels is included in the `set xtics (`<label>`)` form.
   
  Minor (unlabelled) tics can be added by the `set mxtics` command.   Minor (unlabelled) tics can be added by the `set mxtics` command.
   
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 ?set y2label  ?set y2label
 ?show y2label  ?show y2label
 ?y2label  ?y2label
  The `set y2dtics` command sets the label for the y2 (right-hand) axis.   The `set y2label` command sets the label for the y2 (right-hand) axis.
  Please see `set xlabel`.   Please see `set xlabel`.
 3 y2mtics  3 y2mtics
 ?commands set y2mtics  ?commands set y2mtics
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 ?set ydata  ?set ydata
 ?show ydata  ?show ydata
 ?ydata  ?ydata
  Sets y-axis data to timeseries (dates/times).  Please see `set xdata`.   The `set ydata` command sets y-axis data to timeseries (dates/times).
    Please see `set xdata`.
 3 ydtics  3 ydtics
 ?commands set ydtics  ?commands set ydtics
 ?commands set noydtics  ?commands set noydtics
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 ?set zdata  ?set zdata
 ?show zdata  ?show zdata
 ?zdata  ?zdata
  Set zaxis date to timeseries (dates/times).  Please see `set xdata`.   The `set zdata` command sets z-axis data to timeseries (dates/times).
    Please see `set xdata`.
 3 zdtics  3 zdtics
 ?commands set zdtics  ?commands set zdtics
 ?commands set nozdtics  ?commands set nozdtics
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  Added in v.1.1.1.3
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