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Diff for /OpenXM/src/asir-doc/parts/builtin/io.texi between version 1.1.1.1 and 1.14

version 1.1.1.1, 1999/12/08 05:47:44 version 1.14, 2003/12/18 10:26:20
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   @comment $OpenXM: OpenXM/src/asir-doc/parts/builtin/io.texi,v 1.13 2003/11/27 15:56:08 ohara Exp $
   \BJP
 @node $BF~=PNO(B,,, $BAH$_9~$_H!?t(B  @node $BF~=PNO(B,,, $BAH$_9~$_H!?t(B
 @section $BF~=PNO(B  @section $BF~=PNO(B
   \E
   \BEG
   @node Inputs and Outputs,,, Built-in Function
   @section Inputs and Outputs
   \E
   
 @menu  @menu
 * end quit::  * end quit::
Line 9 
Line 16 
 * bsave bload::  * bsave bload::
 * bload27::  * bload27::
 * print::  * print::
   * access::
   * remove_file::
   * open_file close_file get_line get_byte put_byte purge_stdin::
 @end menu  @end menu
   
 @node end quit,,, $BF~=PNO(B  \JP @node end quit,,, $BF~=PNO(B
   \EG @node end quit,,, Inputs and Outputs
 @subsection @code{end}, @code{quit}  @subsection @code{end}, @code{quit}
 @findex end  @findex end
 @findex quit  @findex quit
   
 @table @t  @table @t
 @item end, quit  @item end, quit
   \BJP
 :: $B8=:_FI$_9~$_Cf$N%U%!%$%k$rJD$8$k(B.  :: $B8=:_FI$_9~$_Cf$N%U%!%$%k$rJD$8$k(B.
 $B%H%C%W%l%Y%k$K$*$$$F$O%;%C%7%g%s$r=*N;$9$k$3$H$K$J$k(B.  $B%H%C%W%l%Y%k$K$*$$$F$O%;%C%7%g%s$r=*N;$9$k$3$H$K$J$k(B.
   \E
   \BEG
   :: Close the currently reading file.
   At the top level, terminate the @b{Asir} session.
   \E
 @end table  @end table
   
 @itemize @bullet  @itemize @bullet
   \BJP
 @item  @item
 @code{end}, @code{quit} $B$H$b$KL50z?t$NH!?t$G$"$k$,(B, @samp{()} $B$J$7$G(B  @code{end}, @code{quit} $B$H$b$KL50z?t$NH!?t$G$"$k$,(B, @samp{()} $B$J$7$G(B
 $B8F$S=P$9$3$H$,$G$-$k(B. $B$$$:$l$b8=:_FI$_9~$_Cf$N%U%!%$%k$rJD$8$k(B.  $B8F$S=P$9$3$H$,$G$-$k(B. $B$$$:$l$b8=:_FI$_9~$_Cf$N%U%!%$%k$rJD$8$k(B.
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Line 49 
 $B%U%!%$%k$N>l9g(B, $B%U%!%$%k$N=*C<$^$GFI$a$P(B, $B<+F0E*$K%U%!%$%k$OJD$8$i$l$k(B  $B%U%!%$%k$N>l9g(B, $B%U%!%$%k$N=*C<$^$GFI$a$P(B, $B<+F0E*$K%U%!%$%k$OJD$8$i$l$k(B
 $B$,(B, $B%H%C%W%l%Y%k$N>l9g%W%m%s%W%H$,=P$J$$$^$^(B, $BF~NOBT$A$K$J$k$N$G(B,  $B$,(B, $B%H%C%W%l%Y%k$N>l9g%W%m%s%W%H$,=P$J$$$^$^(B, $BF~NOBT$A$K$J$k$N$G(B,
 $B%U%!%$%k$N=*C<$K$O(B @code{end$} $B$r=q$/$N$,K>$^$7$$(B.  $B%U%!%$%k$N=*C<$K$O(B @code{end$} $B$r=q$/$N$,K>$^$7$$(B.
   \E
   \BEG
   @item
   These two functions take no arguments.  These functions can be called
   without a @samp{()}.  Either function close the current input file.
   This means the termination of the @b{Asir} session at the top level.
   @item
   An input file will be automatically closed if it is read to its end.
   However, if no @code{end$} is written at the last of the input file,
   the control will be returned to the top level and @b{Asir} will be
   waiting for an input without any prompting.
   Thus, in order to avoid confusion, putting a @code{end$} at the last
   line of the input file is strongly recommended.
   \E
 @end itemize  @end itemize
   
 @example  @example
Line 39 
Line 71 
 @end example  @end example
   
 @table @t  @table @t
 @item $B;2>H(B  \JP @item $B;2>H(B
   \EG @item References
 @fref{load}.  @fref{load}.
 @end table  @end table
   
 @node load,,, $BF~=PNO(B  \JP @node load,,, $BF~=PNO(B
   \EG @node load,,, Inputs and Outputs
 @subsection @code{load}  @subsection @code{load}
 @findex load  @findex load
   
 @table @t  @table @t
 @item load("@var{filename}")  @item load("@var{filename}")
 :: @var{filename} $B$rFI$_9~$`(B.  \JP :: @var{filename} $B$rFI$_9~$`(B.
   \EG :: Reads a program file @var{filename}.
 @end table  @end table
   
 @table @var  @table @var
 @item return  @item return
 (1|0)  (1|0)
 @item filename  @item filename
 $B%U%!%$%kL>(B ($B%Q%9L>(B)  \JP $B%U%!%$%kL>(B ($B%Q%9L>(B)
   \EG file (path) name
 @end table  @end table
   
 @itemize @bullet  @itemize @bullet
   \BJP
 @item  @item
 $B<B:]$N%W%m%0%i%`$N=q$-J}$O(B, @xref{$B%f!<%68@8l(B Asir}.  $B<B:]$N%W%m%0%i%`$N=q$-J}$O(B, @pxref{$B%f!<%68@8l(B Asir}.
  $B%F%-%9%H%U%!%$%k$rFI$_9~$`>l9g(B, @code{cpp}   $B%F%-%9%H%U%!%$%k$rFI$_9~$`>l9g(B, @code{cpp}
 $B$rDL$9$N$G(B, C $B$N%W%m%0%i%`F1MM(B @code{#include}, @code{#define} $B$r;H$&$3$H$,$G$-$k(B.  $B$rDL$9$N$G(B, C $B$N%W%m%0%i%`F1MM(B @code{#include}, @code{#define} $B$r;H$&$3$H$,$G$-$k(B.
 @item  @item
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 $B%5!<%A$9$k(B. $B$=$l$i$K3:Ev$9$k%U%!%$%k$,B8:_$7$J$$>l9g(B, $BI8=`%i%$%V%i%j(B  $B%5!<%A$9$k(B. $B$=$l$i$K3:Ev$9$k%U%!%$%k$,B8:_$7$J$$>l9g(B, $BI8=`%i%$%V%i%j(B
 $B%G%#%l%/%H%j(B ($B$"$k$$$O4D6-JQ?t(B @code{ASIR_LIBDIR} $B$K@_Dj$5$l$F$$$k(B  $B%G%#%l%/%H%j(B ($B$"$k$$$O4D6-JQ?t(B @code{ASIR_LIBDIR} $B$K@_Dj$5$l$F$$$k(B
 $B%G%#%l%/%H%j(B) $B$b%5!<%A$9$k(B.  $B%G%#%l%/%H%j(B) $B$b%5!<%A$9$k(B.
 Windows $BHG$N>l9g(B, @code{ASIR_LIBDIR} $B$,@_Dj$5$l$F$$$J$$>l9g$K$O(B, @code{get_rootdir()/lib}  Windows $BHG$N>l9g(B, @code{ASIR_LIBDIR} $B$,@_Dj$5$l$F$$$J$$>l9g$K$O(B,
 $B$r%5!<%A$9$k(B.  @code{get_rootdir()/lib} $B$r%5!<%A$9$k(B.
 @item  @item
 $BFI$_9~$`%U%!%$%k$N:G8e$K(B, @code{end$} $B$,$J$$$H(B @code{load()}  $BFI$_9~$`%U%!%$%k$N:G8e$K(B, @code{end$} $B$,$J$$$H(B @code{load()}
 $B=*N;8e$K%W%m%s%W%H$,$G$J$$$,(B, $B<B:]$K$OF~NO$r<u$1IU$1$k(B. $B$7$+$7(B,  $B=*N;8e$K%W%m%s%W%H$,$G$J$$$,(B, $B<B:]$K$OF~NO$r<u$1IU$1$k(B. $B$7$+$7(B,
Line 83  Windows $BHG$N>l9g(B, @code{ASIR_LIBDIR} $B$,@_Dj$5
Line 120  Windows $BHG$N>l9g(B, @code{ASIR_LIBDIR} $B$,@_Dj$5
 $B$?$a(B, @code{end$} $B$r$*4+$a$9$k(B. )  $B$?$a(B, @code{end$} $B$r$*4+$a$9$k(B. )
 @item  @item
 Windows $BHG$b%G%#%l%/%H%j$N%;%Q%l!<%?$H$7$F(B @samp{/} $B$rMQ$$$k(B.  Windows $BHG$b%G%#%l%/%H%j$N%;%Q%l!<%?$H$7$F(B @samp{/} $B$rMQ$$$k(B.
   \E
   \BEG
   @item
   See @ref{User language Asir} for practical programming.
   Since text files are read through @code{cpp},
   the user can use, as in C programs, @code{#include} and @code{#define}
   in @b{Asir} program source codes.
   @item
   It returns 1 if the designated file exists, 0 otherwise.
   @item
   If the @var{filename} begins with @samp{/}, it is understood as an
   absolute path name; with  @samp{.}, relative path name from current
   directory; otherwise, the file is searched first from directories
   assigned to an environmental variable @code{ASIRLOADPATH}, then
   if the search ends up in failure, the standard library directory
   (or directories assigned to @code{ASIR_LIBDIR}) shall be searched.
   On Windows, @code{get_rootdir()/lib} is searched if
   @code{ASIR_LIBDIR} is not set.
   @item
   We recommend to write an @code{end} command at the last line of
   your program.  If not, @b{Asir} will not give you a prompt after it
   will have executed @code{load} command.
   (Escape with an interrupt character (@ref{Interruption}),
   if you have lost yourself.)
   Even in such a situation,
   @b{Asir} itself is still ready to read keyboard inputs as usual.
   It is, however, embarrassing and may cause other errors.
   Therefore, to put an @code{end$} at the last line is desirable.
   (Command @code{end;} will work as well,
   but it also returns and displays verbose.)
   @item
   On Windows one has to use @samp{/} as the separator of directory names.
   \E
 @end itemize  @end itemize
   
 @table @t  @table @t
 @item $B;2>H(B  \JP @item $B;2>H(B
   \EG @item References
 @fref{end quit}, @fref{which}, @fref{get_rootdir}.  @fref{end quit}, @fref{which}, @fref{get_rootdir}.
 @end table  @end table
   
 @node which,,, $BF~=PNO(B  \JP @node which,,, $BF~=PNO(B
   \EG @node which,,, Inputs and Outputs
 @subsection @code{which}  @subsection @code{which}
 @findex which  @findex which
   
 @table @t  @table @t
 @item which("@var{filename}")  @item which("@var{filename}")
 :: $B0z?t(B @var{filename} $B$KBP$7(B, @code{load()} $B$,FI$_9~$`%Q%9L>$rJV$9(B.  \JP :: $B0z?t(B @var{filename} $B$KBP$7(B, @code{load()} $B$,FI$_9~$`%Q%9L>$rJV$9(B.
   \EG :: This returns the path name for the @var{filename} which @code{load()} will read.
 @end table  @end table
   
 @table @var  @table @var
 @item return  @item return
 $B%Q%9L>(B  \JP $B%Q%9L>(B
   \EG path name
 @item filename  @item filename
 $B%U%!%$%kL>(B ($B%Q%9L>(B) $B$^$?$O(B 0  \JP $B%U%!%$%kL>(B ($B%Q%9L>(B) $B$^$?$O(B 0
   \EG filename (path name) or 0
 @end table  @end table
   
 @itemize @bullet  @itemize @bullet
   \BJP
 @item  @item
 @code{load()} $B$,%U%!%$%k$r%5!<%A$9$k<j=g$K=>$C$F%5!<%A$7(B,  @code{load()} $B$,%U%!%$%k$r%5!<%A$9$k<j=g$K=>$C$F%5!<%A$7(B,
 $B%U%!%$%k$,B8:_$9$k>l9g$K$O%Q%9L>$rJ8;zNs$H$7$F(B, $BB8:_$7$J$$>l9g(B  $B%U%!%$%k$,B8:_$9$k>l9g$K$O%Q%9L>$rJ8;zNs$H$7$F(B, $BB8:_$7$J$$>l9g(B
Line 115  Windows $BHG$b%G%#%l%/%H%j$N%;%Q%l!<%?$H$7$F(B @samp
Line 191  Windows $BHG$b%G%#%l%/%H%j$N%;%Q%l!<%?$H$7$F(B @samp
 $B%5!<%A$N<j=g$K$D$$$F$O(B @code{load()} $B$r;2>H(B.  $B%5!<%A$N<j=g$K$D$$$F$O(B @code{load()} $B$r;2>H(B.
 @item  @item
 Windows $BHG$b%G%#%l%/%H%j$N%;%Q%l!<%?$H$7$F(B @samp{/} $B$rMQ$$$k(B.  Windows $BHG$b%G%#%l%/%H%j$N%;%Q%l!<%?$H$7$F(B @samp{/} $B$rMQ$$$k(B.
   \E
   \BEG
   @item
   This function searches directory trees according to the same procedure
   as @code{load()} will do.  Then, returns a string, the path name to the
   file if the named file exists; 0 unless otherwise.
   @item
   For details of searching procedure,
   refer to the description about @code{load()}.
   @item
   On Windows one has to use @samp{/} as the separator of directory names.
   \E
 @end itemize  @end itemize
   
 @example  @example
Line 127  Windows $BHG$b%G%#%l%/%H%j$N%;%Q%l!<%?$H$7$F(B @samp
Line 215  Windows $BHG$b%G%#%l%/%H%j$N%;%Q%l!<%?$H$7$F(B @samp
 @end example  @end example
   
 @table @t  @table @t
 @item $B;2>H(B  \JP @item $B;2>H(B
   \EG @item References
 @fref{load}.  @fref{load}.
 @end table  @end table
   
 @node output,,, $BF~=PNO(B  \JP @node output,,, $BF~=PNO(B
   \EG @node output,,, Inputs and Outputs
 @subsection @code{output}  @subsection @code{output}
 @findex output  @findex output
   
 @table @t  @table @t
 @item output(["@var{filename}"])  @item output(["@var{filename}"])
 :: $B0J9_$N=PNO@h$r(B @var{filename}$B$^$?$OI8=`=PNO$K@ZBX$($k(B.  \JP :: $B0J9_$N=PNO@h$r(B @var{filename}$B$^$?$OI8=`=PNO$K@ZBX$($k(B.
   \EG :: Writes the return values and prompt onto file @var{filename}.
 @end table  @end table
   
 @table @var  @table @var
 @item return  @item return
 1  1
 @item filename  @item filename
 $B%U%!%$%kL>(B  \JP $B%U%!%$%kL>(B
   \EG filename
 @end table  @end table
   
 @itemize @bullet  @itemize @bullet
   \BJP
 @item  @item
 @b{Asir} $B$N=PNO$rI8=`=PNO$+$i(B, $B%U%!%$%k$X$N=PNO$K@ZBX$($k(B.  @b{Asir} $B$N=PNO$rI8=`=PNO$+$i(B, $B%U%!%$%k$X$N=PNO$K@ZBX$($k(B.
 $B$J$*(B, $B%U%!%$%k=PNO$N4V$O(B, $BI8=`=PNO$K$O%-!<%\!<%I$+$i$NF~NO0J30(B,  $B$J$*(B, $B%U%!%$%k=PNO$N4V$O(B, $BI8=`=PNO$K$O%-!<%\!<%I$+$i$NF~NO0J30(B,
Line 174  Windows $BHG$b%G%#%l%/%H%j$N%;%Q%l!<%?$H$7$F(B @samp
Line 267  Windows $BHG$b%G%#%l%/%H%j$N%;%Q%l!<%?$H$7$F(B @samp
 @code{bload()}, @code{bsave()} $B$r;H$&$N$,(B, $B;~4V(B, $B6u4V$H$b$K8zN($,$h$$(B.  @code{bload()}, @code{bsave()} $B$r;H$&$N$,(B, $B;~4V(B, $B6u4V$H$b$K8zN($,$h$$(B.
 @item  @item
 Windows $BHG$b%G%#%l%/%H%j$N%;%Q%l!<%?$H$7$F(B @samp{/} $B$rMQ$$$k(B.  Windows $BHG$b%G%#%l%/%H%j$N%;%Q%l!<%?$H$7$F(B @samp{/} $B$rMQ$$$k(B.
   \E
   \BEG
   @item
   Standard output stream of @b{Asir} is redirected to the specified file.
   While @b{Asir} is writing its outputs onto a file, no outputs, except for
   keyboard inputs and some of error messages, are written onto the standard
   output. (You cannot see the result on the display.)
   @item
   To direct the @b{Asir} outputs to the standard output, issue the command
   without argument, i.e., @code{output()}.
   @item
   If the specified file already exists, new outputs will be added to the
   tail of the file. If not, a file is newly created and the outputs
   will be written onto the file.
   @item
   When file name is specified without double quotes (@code{""}), or
   when protected file is specified, an error occurs and the system returns
   to the top level.
   @item
   If you want to write inputs from the key board onto the file as well
   as @b{Asir} outputs, put command @code{ctrl("echo",1)}, and then
   redirect the standard output to your desired file.
   @item
   Contents which are written onto the standard error output, CPU time etc.,
   are not written onto the file.
   @item
   Reading and writing algebraic expressions which contain neither
   functional forms nor unknown coefficients (@code{vtype()} References)
   are performed more efficiently, with respect to both time and space,
   by @code{bload()} and  @code{bsave()}.
   @item
   On Windows one has to use @samp{/} as the separator of directory names.
   \E
 @end itemize  @end itemize
   
 @example  @example
Line 192  output();
Line 318  output();
 @end example  @end example
   
 @table @t  @table @t
 @item $B;2>H(B  \JP @item $B;2>H(B
   \EG @item References
 @fref{ctrl}, @fref{bsave bload}.  @fref{ctrl}, @fref{bsave bload}.
 @end table  @end table
   
 @node bsave bload,,, $BF~=PNO(B  \JP @node bsave bload,,, $BF~=PNO(B
   \EG @node bsave bload,,, Inputs and Outputs
 @subsection @code{bsave}, @code{bload}  @subsection @code{bsave}, @code{bload}
 @findex bsave  @findex bsave
 @findex bload  @findex bload
   
 @table @t  @table @t
 @item bsave(@var{obj},"@var{filename}")  @item bsave(@var{obj},"@var{filename}")
 :: @var{filename} $B$K(B @var{obj} $B$r%P%$%J%j7A<0$G=q$-9~$`(B.  \JP :: @var{filename} $B$K(B @var{obj} $B$r%P%$%J%j7A<0$G=q$-9~$`(B.
 @item bsave("@var{filename}")  \EG :: This function writes @var{obj} onto @var{filename} in binary form.
 :: @var{filename} $B$+$i?t<0$r%P%$%J%j7A<0$GFI$_9~$`(B.  @item bload("@var{filename}")
   \JP :: @var{filename} $B$+$i?t<0$r%P%$%J%j7A<0$GFI$_9~$`(B.
   \EG :: This function reads an expression from @var{filename} in binary form.
 @end table  @end table
   
 @table @var  @table @var
 @item return  @item return
 @code{bsave()} : 1, @code{bload()} : $BFI$_9~$s$@?t<0(B  \JP @code{bsave()} : 1, @code{bload()} : $BFI$_9~$s$@?t<0(B
   \EG @code{bsave()} : 1, @code{bload()} : the expression read
 @item obj  @item obj
 $BH!?t7A<0(B, $BL$Dj78?t$r4^$^$J$$G$0U$N?t<0(B  \JP $BH!?t7A<0(B, $BL$Dj78?t$r4^$^$J$$G$0U$N?t<0(B
   \BEG
   arbitrary expression which does not contain neither function forms
   nor unknown coefficients.
   \E
 @item filename  @item filename
 $B%U%!%$%kL>(B  \JP $B%U%!%$%kL>(B
   \EG filename
 @end table  @end table
   
 @itemize @bullet  @itemize @bullet
   \BJP
 @item  @item
 @code{bsave()} $B$OFbIt7A<0$r$[$\$=$N$^$^%P%$%J%j7A<0$G%U%!%$%k$K=q$-9~$`(B.  @code{bsave()} $B$OFbIt7A<0$r$[$\$=$N$^$^%P%$%J%j7A<0$G%U%!%$%k$K=q$-9~$`(B.
 @code{bload()} $B$O(B, @code{bsave()} $B$G=q$-9~$s$@?t<0$rFI$_9~$s$GFbIt7A<0(B  @code{bload()} $B$O(B, @code{bsave()} $B$G=q$-9~$s$@?t<0$rFI$_9~$s$GFbIt7A<0(B
Line 233  output();
Line 370  output();
 $B$=$N>l9g$K$O(B, $B<+F0E*$K8=:_$NJQ?t=g=x$K$*$1$kFbIt7A<0$KJQ49$5$l$k(B.  $B$=$N>l9g$K$O(B, $B<+F0E*$K8=:_$NJQ?t=g=x$K$*$1$kFbIt7A<0$KJQ49$5$l$k(B.
 @item  @item
 Windows $BHG$b%G%#%l%/%H%j$N%;%Q%l!<%?$H$7$F(B @samp{/} $B$rMQ$$$k(B.  Windows $BHG$b%G%#%l%/%H%j$N%;%Q%l!<%?$H$7$F(B @samp{/} $B$rMQ$$$k(B.
   \E
   \BEG
   @item
   Function @code{bsave()} writes an object onto a file in its internal
   form (not exact internal form but very similar).
   Function @code{bload()} read the expression from files
   which is written by @code{bsave()}.
   Current implementation support arbitrary expressions, including
   lists, arrays (i.e., vectors and matrices), except for function forms
   and unknown coefficients (@code{vtype()} References.)
   @item
   The parser is activated to retrieve expressions written by
   @code{output()} , whereas internal forms are directly reconstructed
   by @code{bload()} from the @code{bsave()}'ed object in the file.
   The latter is much more efficient with respect to both time and space.
   @item
   It may happen that the variable ordering at reading is changed from
   that at writing.  In such a case, the variable ordering in the internal
   expression is automatically rearranged according to the current
   variable ordering.
   @item
   On Windows one has to use @samp{/} as the separator of directory names.
   \E
 @end itemize  @end itemize
   
 @example  @example
Line 253  y^2+2*x*y+x^2
Line 413  y^2+2*x*y+x^2
 @end example  @end example
   
 @table @t  @table @t
 @item $B;2>H(B  \JP @item $B;2>H(B
   \EG @item References
 @fref{output}.  @fref{output}.
 @end table  @end table
   
 @node bload27,,, $BF~=PNO(B  \JP @node bload27,,, $BF~=PNO(B
   \EG @node bload27,,, Inputs and Outputs
 @subsection @code{bload27}  @subsection @code{bload27}
 @findex bload27  @findex bload27
   
 @table @t  @table @t
 @item xxx(@var{filename})  @item bload27("@var{filename}")
 :: $B5lHG$G:n$i$l$?(B bsave file $B$NFI$_9~$_(B  \JP :: $B5lHG$G:n$i$l$?(B bsave file $B$NFI$_9~$_(B
   \EG :: Reads bsaved file created by older version of @b{Asir}.
 @end table  @end table
   
 @table @var  @table @var
 @item return  @item return
 $BFI$_9~$s$@?t<0(B  \JP $BFI$_9~$s$@?t<0(B
   \EG expression read
 @item filename  @item filename
 $B%U%!%$%kL>(B  \JP $B%U%!%$%kL>(B
   \EG filename
 @end table  @end table
   
 @itemize @bullet  @itemize @bullet
   \BJP
 @item  @item
 $B5lHG$G$O(B, $BB?G\D9@0?t$,(B, 1 $B%o!<%I(B 27 bit $B$GI=8=$5$l$F$$$?$,(B, $B?7HG$G$O(B 1 $B%o!<%I(B 32 bit  $B5lHG$G$O(B, $BB?G\D9@0?t$,(B, 1 $B%o!<%I(B 27 bit $B$GI=8=$5$l$F$$$?$,(B, $B?7HG$G$O(B 1 $B%o!<%I(B 32 bit
 $B$KJQ99$5$l$?(B. $B$3$N$?$a(B, $B5lHG$G(B @code{bsave} $B$5$l$?%P%$%J%j%U%!%$%k$O$=$N$^$^$G$O(B  $B$KJQ99$5$l$?(B. $B$3$N$?$a(B, $B5lHG$G(B @code{bsave} $B$5$l$?%P%$%J%j%U%!%$%k$O$=$N$^$^$G$O(B
 $BFI$_9~$a$J$$(B. $B$3$N$h$&$J%U%!%$%k$rFI$_9~$`$?$a$K(B @code{bload27} $B$rMQ$$$k(B.  $BFI$_9~$a$J$$(B. $B$3$N$h$&$J%U%!%$%k$rFI$_9~$`$?$a$K(B @code{bload27} $B$rMQ$$$k(B.
 @item  @item
 Windows $BHG$b%G%#%l%/%H%j$N%;%Q%l!<%?$H$7$F(B @samp{/} $B$rMQ$$$k(B.  Windows $BHG$b%G%#%l%/%H%j$N%;%Q%l!<%?$H$7$F(B @samp{/} $B$rMQ$$$k(B.
   \E
   \BEG
   @item
   In older versions an arbitrary precision integer is represented as
   an array of 27bit integers. In the current version it is represented
   as an array of 32bit integers. By this incompatibility the bsaved
   file created by older versions cannot be read in the current version
   by @code{bload}.
   @code{bload27} is used to read such files.
   @item
   On Windows one has to use @samp{/} as the separator of directory names.
   \E
 @end itemize  @end itemize
   
 @table @t  @table @t
 @item $B;2>H(B  \JP @item $B;2>H(B
   \EG @item References
 @fref{bsave bload}.  @fref{bsave bload}.
 @end table  @end table
   
 @node print,,, $BF~=PNO(B  \JP @node print,,, $BF~=PNO(B
   \EG @node print,,, Inputs and Outputs
 @subsection @code{print}  @subsection @code{print}
 @findex print  @findex print
   
 @table @t  @table @t
 @item print(@var{obj} [,@var{nl}])  @item print(@var{obj} [,@var{nl}])
 :: @var{obj} $B$rI=<($9$k(B.  \JP :: @var{obj} $B$rI=<($9$k(B.
   \EG :: Displays (or outputs) @var{obj}.
 @end table  @end table
   
 @table @var  @table @var
 @item return  @item return
 0  0
 @item obj  @item obj
 $BG$0U(B  \JP $BG$0U(B
   \EG arbitrary
 @item nl  @item nl
 $B%U%i%0(B ($BG$0U(B)  \JP $B%U%i%0(B ($BG$0U(B)
   \EG flag (arbitrary)
 @end table  @end table
   
 @itemize @bullet  @itemize @bullet
   \BJP
 @item  @item
 @var{obj} $B$rI>2A$7$FI=<($9$k(B.  @var{obj} $B$rI>2A$7$FI=<($9$k(B.
 @item  @item
Line 319  Windows $BHG$b%G%#%l%/%H%j$N%;%Q%l!<%?$H$7$F(B @samp
Line 503  Windows $BHG$b%G%#%l%/%H%j$N%;%Q%l!<%?$H$7$F(B @samp
 @code{print()$} $B$H$9$l$P(B, $B:G8e$N(B 0 $B$O=PNO$5$l$J$$(B.  @code{print()$} $B$H$9$l$P(B, $B:G8e$N(B 0 $B$O=PNO$5$l$J$$(B.
 @item  @item
 $BJ#?t$N(B @var{obj} $B$rF1;~$K=PNO$7$?$$;~$O(B @var{obj} $B$r%j%9%H$K$9$k$H$h$$(B.  $BJ#?t$N(B @var{obj} $B$rF1;~$K=PNO$7$?$$;~$O(B @var{obj} $B$r%j%9%H$K$9$k$H$h$$(B.
   \E
   \BEG
   @item
   Displays (or outputs) @var{obj}.
   @item
   It normally adds linefeed code to cause the cursor moving to the next
   line.  If 0 or 2 is given as the second argument, it does not add a linefeed.
   If the second argument is 0, the output is simply written in the buffer.
   If the second argument is 2, the output is flushed.
   @item
   The return value of this function is 0.
   If command @code{print(@var{rat});} is performed at the top level,
   first the value of @var{rat} will be printed,
   followed by a linefeed, followed by a 0 which is the value of the
   function and followed by a linefeed and the next prompt.
   (If the command is terminated by a `$', e.g., @code{print(@var{rat})$},
   The last 0 will not be printed. )
   @item
   Formatted outputs are not currently supported.
   If one wishes to output multiple objects by a single @code{print()} command,
   use list like @code{[@var{obj1},...]}, which is not so beautiful, but
   convenient to minimize programming efforts.
   \E
 @end itemize  @end itemize
   
 @example  @example
 [8] def cat(L) @{ while ( L != [] ) @{ print(car(L),0); L = cdr(L);@} print(""); @}  [8] def cat(L) @{ while ( L != [] ) @{ print(car(L),0); L = cdr(L);@}
   print(""); @}
 [9] cat([xyz,123,"gahaha"])$  [9] cat([xyz,123,"gahaha"])$
 xyz123gahaha  xyz123gahaha
 @end example  @end example
   
   \JP @node access,,, $BF~=PNO(B
   \EG @node access,,, Inputs and Outputs
   @subsection @code{access}
   @findex access
   
   @table @t
   @item access(@var{file})
   \JP :: @var{file} $B$NB8:_$r%F%9%H$9$k(B.
   \EG :: testing an existence of @var{file}.
   @end table
   
   @table @var
   @item return
   (1|0)
   @item file
   \JP $B%U%!%$%kL>(B
   \EG filename
   @end table
   
   @itemize @bullet
   \BJP
   @item
   @var{file} $B$,B8:_$9$l$P(B 1, $BB8:_$7$J$1$l$P(B 0 $B$rJV$9(B.
   \E
   @end itemize
   
   \JP @node remove_file,,, $BF~=PNO(B
   \EG @node remove_file,,, Inputs and Outputs
   @subsection @code{remove_file}
   @findex remove_file
   
   @table @t
   @item remove_file(@var{file})
   \JP :: @var{file} $B$r>C5n$9$k(B.
   \EG :: Delete an file @var{file}.
   @end table
   
   @table @var
   @item return
   1
   @item file
   \JP $B%U%!%$%kL>(B
   \EG filename
   @end table
   
   \JP @node open_file close_file get_line get_byte put_byte purge_stdin,,, $BF~=PNO(B
   \EG @node open_file close_file get_line get_byte put_byte purge_stdin,,, Inputs and Outputs
   @subsection @code{open_file}, @code{close_file}, @code{get_line}, @code{get_byte}, @code{put_byte}, @code{purge_stdin}
   @findex open_file
   @findex close_file
   @findex get_line
   @findex get_byte
   @findex put_byte
   @findex purge_stdin
   
   @table @t
   @item open_file("@var{filename}"[,"@var{mode}"])
   \JP :: @var{filename} $B$r%*!<%W%s$9$k(B.
   \EG :: Opens @var{filename} for reading.
   @item close_file(@var{num})
   \JP :: $B<1JL;R(B @var{num} $B$N%U%!%$%k$r%/%m!<%:$9$k(B.
   \EG :: Closes the file indicated by a descriptor @var{num}.
   @item get_line([@var{num}])
   \JP :: $B<1JL;R(B @var{num} $B$N%U%!%$%k$+$i(B 1 $B9TFI$`(B.
   \EG :: Reads a line from the file indicated by a descriptor @var{num}.
   @item get_byte(@var{num})
   \JP :: $B<1JL;R(B @var{num} $B$N%U%!%$%k$+$i(B 1 $B%P%$%HFI$`(B.
   \EG :: Reads a byte from the file indicated by a descriptor @var{num}.
   @item put_byte(@var{num},@var{c})
   \JP :: $B<1JL;R(B @var{num} $B$N%U%!%$%k$K(B 1 $B%P%$%H(B @var{c} $B$r=q$/(B.
   \EG :: Writes a byte @var{c} to the file indicated by a descriptor @var{num}.
   @item purge_stdin()
   @item purge_stdin()
   \JP :: $BI8=`F~NO$N%P%C%U%!$r%/%j%"$9$k(B.
   \EG :: Clears the buffer for the standard input.
   @end table
   
   @table @var
   @item return
   \JP @code{open_file()} : $B@0?t(B ($B<1JL;R(B); @code{close_file()} : 1; @code{get_line()} : $BJ8;zNs(B; @code{get_byte()}, @code{put_byte()} : $B@0?t(B
   \EG @code{open_file()} : integer (fild id); @code{close_file()} : 1; @code{get_line()} : string; @code{get_byte()}, @code{put_byte()} : integer
   @item filename
   \JP $B%U%!%$%kL>(B ($B%Q%9L>(B)
   \EG file (path) name
   @item mode
   \JP $BJ8;zNs(B
   \EG string
   @item num
   \JP $BHsIi@0?t(B ($B%U%!%$%k<1JL;R(B)
   \EG non-negative integer (file descriptor)
   @end table
   
   @itemize @bullet
   \BJP
   @item @code{open_file()} $B$O%U%!%$%k$r%*!<%W%s$9$k(B. @var{mode} $B;XDj$,(B
   $B$J$$>l9gFI$_=P$7MQ(B, @var{mode} $B;XDj$,$"$k>l9g$K$O(B, C $B$NI8=`F~=PNO(B
   $B4X?t(B @code{fopen()} $B$KBP$9$k%b!<%I;XDj$H$_$J$9(B. $B$?$H$($P?75,=q$-9~$_(B
   $BMQ$N>l9g(B @code{"w"}, $BKvHxDI2C$N>l9g(B @code{"a"} $B$J$I(B.
   $B@.8y$7$?>l9g(B, $B%U%!%$%k<1JL;R$H$7$FHsIi@0?t$rJV$9(B. $B<:GT$N>l9g%(%i!<$H$J$k(B.
   $BITMW$K$J$C$?%U%!%$%k$O(B @code{close_file()} $B$G%/%m!<%:$9$k(B.
   $BFCJL$J%U%!%$%kL>(B unix://stdin, unix://stdout, unix://stderr $B$rM?$($k$H(B
   $B$=$l$>$lI8=`F~NO(B, $BI8=`=PNO(B, $BI8=`%(%i!<=PNO$r%*!<%W%s$9$k(B.
   $B$3$N>l9g%b!<%I;XDj$OL5;k$5$l$k(B.
   @item @code{get_line()} $B$O8=:_%*!<%W%s$7$F$$$k%U%!%$%k$+$i(B 1 $B9TFI$_(B,
   $BJ8;zNs$H$7$FJV$9(B. $B0z?t$,$J$$>l9g(B, $BI8=`F~NO$+$i(B 1 $B9TFI$`(B.
   @item @code{get_byte()} $B$O8=:_%*!<%W%s$7$F$$$k%U%!%$%k$+$i(B 1 $B%P%$%HFI$_(B
   $B@0?t$H$7$FJV$9(B.
   @item @code{put_byte()} $B$O8=:_%*!<%W%s$7$F$$$k%U%!%$%k$K(B 1 $B%P%$%H=q$-(B,
   $B$=$N%P%$%H$r@0?t$H$7$FJV$9(B.
   @item $B%U%!%$%k$N=*$j$^$GFI$s$@8e$K(B @code{get_line()} $B$,8F$P$l$?>l9g(B,
   $B@0?t$N(B 0 $B$rJV$9(B.
   @item $BFI$_=P$7$?J8;zNs$O(B, $BI,MW$,$"$l$P(B @code{sub_str()} $B$J$I$NJ8;zNs=hM}(B
   $B4X?t$G2C9)$7$?$N$A(B @code{eval_str()} $B$K$h$jFbIt7A<0$KJQ49$G$-$k(B.
   @item @code{purge_stdin()} $B$O(B, $BI8=`F~NO%P%C%U%!$r6u$K$9$k(B.
   $B4X?tFb$G(B @code{get_line()} $B$K$h$jI8=`F~NO$+$iJ8;zNs$r<u$1<h$k>l9g(B,
   $B4{$K%P%C%U%!Fb$KB8:_$9$kJ8;zNs$K$h$k8mF0:n$rKI$0$?$a$K$"$i$+$8$a(B
   $B8F$S=P$9(B.
   \E
   \BEG
   @item @code{open_file()} opens a file.
   If @var{mode} is not specified, a file is opened for reading.
   If @var{mode} is specified, it is used as the mode specification for
   C standard I/O function @code{fopen()}. For example @code{"w"} requests
   that the file is truncated to zero length or created for writing.
   @code{"a"} requests that the file is opened for writing or created
   if it does not exist.
   The stream pointer is set at the end of the file.
   If successful, it returns a non-negative integer as the file descriptor.
   Otherwise the system error function is called.
   Unnecessary files should be closed by @code{close_file()}.
   If the special file name unix://stdin or unix://stdout or unix://stderr
   is given, it returns the file descriptor for the standard input or
   the standard output or the standard error stream respectively.
   The mode argument is ignored in this case.
   @item @code{get_line()} reads a line from an opened file and returns the
   line as a string. If no argument is supplied, it reads a line from the
   standard input.
   @item @code{get_byte()} reads a byte from an opened file and returns the
   it as an integer.
   @item @code{put_byte()} writes a byte from an opened file and returns the
   the byte as an integer.
   @item A @code{get_line()} call after reading the end of file returns
   an integer 0.
   @item Strings can be converted into internal forms with string manipulation
   functions such as @code{sub_str()}, @code{eval_str()}.
   @item @code{purge_stdin()} clears the buffer for the standard input.
   When a function receives a character string from @code{get_line()},
   this functions should be called in advance in order to avoid
   an incorrect behavior which is caused by the characters already
   exists in the buffer.
   \E
   @end itemize
   
   @example
   [185] Id = open_file("test");
   0
   [186] get_line(Id);
   12345
   
   [187] get_line(Id);
   67890
   
   [188] get_line(Id);
   0
   [189] type(@@@@);
   0
   [190] close_file(Id);
   1
   [191] open_file("test");
   1
   [192] get_line(1);
   12345
   
   [193] get_byte(1);
   54                   /* the ASCII code of '6' */
   [194] get_line(1);
   7890                 /* the rest of the last line */
   [195] def test() @{ return get_line(); @}
   [196] def test1() @{ purge_stdin(); return get_line(); @}
   [197] test();
                        /* a remaining newline character has been read */
                        /* returns immediately */
   [198] test1();
   123;                 /* input from a keyboard */
   123;                 /* returned value */
   
   [199]
   
   @end example
   
   @table @t
   \JP @item $B;2>H(B
   \EG @item References
   @fref{eval_str}, @fref{str_len str_chr sub_str}.
   @end table
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  Added in v.1.14
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