=================================================================== RCS file: /home/cvs/OpenXM/doc/ascm2001p/design-outline.tex,v retrieving revision 1.2 retrieving revision 1.5 diff -u -p -r1.2 -r1.5 --- OpenXM/doc/ascm2001p/design-outline.tex 2001/06/20 02:09:45 1.2 +++ OpenXM/doc/ascm2001p/design-outline.tex 2001/06/20 05:42:47 1.5 @@ -1,97 +1,68 @@ -% $OpenXM: OpenXM/doc/ascm2001p/design-outline.tex,v 1.1 2001/06/19 07:32:58 noro Exp $ +% $OpenXM: OpenXM/doc/ascm2001p/design-outline.tex,v 1.4 2001/06/20 03:08:05 takayama Exp $ -\section{Design Outline and OpenXM Request for Comments (OpenXM-RFC)} +\section{Design Outline and OpenXM Request For Comments} -As Schefstr\"om clarified in \cite{schefstrom}, +As Schefstr\"om\cite{schefstrom} clarified, integration of tools and software has three dimensions: data, control, and user interface. -Data integration concerns with the exchange of data between different +Data integration is concerned with the exchange of data between different software or same software. OpenMath \cite{OpenMath} and MP (Multi Protocol) \cite{GKW} are, for example, general purpose mathematical data protocols. They provide standard ways to express mathematical objects. -For example, -\begin{verbatim} - 123 -\end{verbatim} -means the (OpenMath) integer $123$ in OpenMath/XML expression. +%For example, +%\begin{verbatim} +% 123 +%\end{verbatim} +%means the (OpenMath) integer $123$ in OpenMath/XML expression. -Control integration concerns with the establishment and management of +Control integration is concerned with the establishment and management of inter-software communications. -Control involves, for example, a way to ask computations to other processes +Control involves, for example, a way to call subroutines on other processes and a method to interrupt computations on servers from a client. RPC, HTTP, MPI, PVM are regarded as a general purpose control protocols or infrastructures. -MCP (Mathematical Communication Protocol) -by Wang \cite{iamc} and OMEI \cite{omei} are such protocols for mathematics. +MCP (Mathematical Communication Protocol)\cite{iamc} +and OMEI \cite{omei} are such protocols for mathematics. Although data and control are orthogonal to each other, -real world requires both. +the real world requires both. NetSolve \cite{netsolve}, OpenMath$+$MCP, MP$+$MCP \cite{iamc}, and MathLink \cite{mathlink} provide both data and control integration. -Each integration method has their own features determined by their +Each integration method has its own features determined by its own design goals. OpenXM (Open message eXchange protocol for Mathematics) is a project aiming to integrate data, control and user interfaces -with design goals motivated by the followings. -\begin{enumerate} -\item We should test the proposed standards mentioned above on -various mathematical software systems, but the testing has not been -enough. -\item Noro has been involved in the development of +started by Noro and Takayama. + +Noro has been involved in the development of a computer algebra system Risa/Asir \cite{asir}. An interface for interactive distributed computations was introduced -to Risa/Asir -%% version 950831 released -in 1995. -The model of computation was RPC (remote procedure call). +to Risa/Asir in 1995. +The model of computation was RPC. A robust interruption protocol was provided -by two communication channels -like the File Transfer Protocol (ftp). +by two communication channels like ftp. As an application of this protocol, a parallel speed-up was achieved for a Gr\"obner basis computation to determine all odd order replicable functions (Noro and McKay \cite{noro-mckay}). -However, the protocol was local in Asir and we thought that we should -design an open protocol. -\item Takayama has developed +Takayama has developed a special purpose system Kan/sm1 \cite{kan}, -which is a Gr\"obner engine for the ring of differential operators $D$. -In order to implement algorithms in $D$-modules due to Oaku -(see, e.g., \cite{sst-book}), -factorizations and primary ideal decompositions are necessary. -Kan/sm1 does not have an implementation for these and called -Risa/Asir as a UNIX external program. -This approach was not satisfactory. -Especially, we could not write a clean interface code between these -two systems. -We thought that it is necessary to provide a data and control protocol -for Risa/Asir to work as a server of factorization and primary ideal -decomposition. -\item We have been profited from increasing number -of mathematical software. -These are usually ``expert'' systems in one area of mathematics -such as ideals, groups, numbers, polytopes, and so on. -They have their own interfaces and data formats, -which are fine for intensive users of these systems. -However, a unified system will be more convenient. -%for users who want to explore a new area of mathematics with these -%software or users who need these systems only occasionally. +which is a Gr\"obner engine for the ring of differential operators $D$ +and which was designed as a component of larger systems. -\item We believe that an open integrated system is a future of mathematical +Noro and Takayama first tried to integrate these existing two +software systems. +We believe that an open integrated system is a future of mathematical software. -However, it might be just a dream without realizability. -We want to build a prototype of such an open system by using -existing standards, technologies and several mathematical software. -We want to see how far we can go with this approach. -\end{enumerate} - -Motivated with these, we started the OpenXM project with the following +However, we found that it might be just a dream without realizability +and that it is an important research subject to +build a prototype of such an integrated system. % Project X +We started the OpenXM project with the following fundamental architecture, which is currently described in -OpenXM-RFC 100 proposed standard %% ``draft standard'' and ``standard'' -``Design and Implementation of OpenXM client-server model and common -mathematical object format'' \cite{ox-rfc-100}. +the OpenXM-RFC 100 proposed standard %% ``draft standard'' and ``standard'' +\cite{ox-rfc-100}. \begin{enumerate} \item Communication is an exchange of messages. The messages are classified into three types: @@ -109,22 +80,20 @@ The stack machine is called the Existing mathematical software systems are wrapped with this stack machine. Minimal requirements for a target software wrapped with the OX stack machine are as follows: -\begin{enumerate} -\item The target must have a serialized interface such as a character based +(a) The target must have a serialized interface such as a character based interface. -\item An output of the target must be understandable for computer programs; +(b) An output of the target must be understandable for computer programs; it should follow a grammar that can be parsed with other software. -\end{enumerate} \item Any server may have a hybrid interface; it may accept and execute not only stack machine commands, but also its original command sequences. For example, if we send the following string to the {\tt ox\_asir} server -(OpenXM server of Risa/Asir) \\ -\verb+ " fctr(x^100-y^100); " + \\ -and call the stack machine command \\ -\verb+ SM_executeStringByLocalParser + \\ -then the server executes the asir command \\ +(OpenXM server of Risa/Asir) +\verb+" fctr(x^100-y^100); "+ +and call the stack machine command +\verb+SM_executeStringByLocalParser+ +then the server executes the asir command \verb+ fctr(x^100-y^100); + (factorize $x^{100}-y^{100}$ over ${\bf Q}$) and pushes the result onto the stack. @@ -132,37 +101,25 @@ and pushes the result onto the stack. OpenXM package implements the OpenXM-RFC 100 \cite{ox-rfc-100} and 101 \cite{ox-rfc-101} based on the above fundamental architecture. -In this paper, we discuss mainly on systems implementing +In this paper, we mainly discuss systems implementing OpenXM-RFC 100 and 101 on TCP/IP. -For example, the following is a command sequence to ask $1+1$ from -the Asir client to the {\tt ox\_sm1} server through TCP/IP: -\begin{verbatim} - P = sm1_start(); - ox_push_cmo(P,1); ox_push_cmo(P,1); - ox_execute_string(P,"add"); ox_pop_cmo(P); -\end{verbatim} -Here, {\tt ox\_sm1} is an OpenXM server of Kan/sm1. +%For example, the following is a command sequence to ask $1+1$ from +%the Asir client to the {\tt ox\_sm1} server through TCP/IP: +%\begin{verbatim} +% P = sm1_start(); ox_push_cmo(P,1); ox_push_cmo(P,1); +% ox_execute_string(P,"add"); ox_pop_cmo(P); +%\end{verbatim} +%Here, {\tt ox\_sm1} is an OpenXM server of Kan/sm1. Our project of integrating mathematical software systems is taking the ``RFC'' approach, which has been used to develop internet protocols. -We think that ``RFC'' approach is an excellent way and -we hope that other groups, who are working on standard protocols, -take this ``RFC'' approach, too. - The OpenXM on MPI \cite{MPI} is currently running on Risa/Asir as we will see in Section \ref{section:homog}. We are now preparing the OpenXM-RFC 102 ``Mathematical communication -on MPI'' (draft protocol) -based on our experiments on MPI. - +on MPI'' (draft protocol). In the rest of the paper, we abbreviate OpenXM-RFC 100 and 101 to OpenXM if no confusion arises. - - - - -